Name:_____________________________________________________

---

1. How are glaciers and climate tied to early Viking exploration?
   
   ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
   
   
   ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



2. Define “hot-house.”
   
   ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
   
   
   ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



3. When in Earth's history did hot-houses occur?
   
   ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



4. What is the correlation between CO₂ in atmosphere and global temperature?
   
   ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
   
   
   ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



5. Define “ice-house.”
   
   ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
   
   
   ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



6. Generally, is the Earth warming or cooling through time?
   
   ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



7. Currently, in general, are we in an ice-house or hot-house?
   
   ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



8. During the Quaternary, has global temperature fluctuated a little or a lot?
   
   ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



9. What does a geomorphologist do?
   
   ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
   
   
   ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



10. Give names of two main ice sheets of North America.
    
    ______________________________________________     ______________________________________________



11. Name the 4 main glacial deposits of recent Quaternary.
    
    ______________________________________________     ______________________________________________
    
    
    ______________________________________________     ______________________________________________



12. How do we use ocean sediments to tell about past climates?
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
    
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



13. What is a “SMOW?”
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



14. Ocean H₂O has mostly what isotope?
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



15. During glacial period, ocean H₂O is mostly O₁₈ rich. Why?
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
    
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



16. During a glacial period, the mineral used to form shells in oceans is primarily what isotope concentrate?
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



17. Why does the hydrolysis weathering process suck carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
    
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



18. What are Milankovitch cycles?
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
    
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



19. Define precession.
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
    
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



20. Define eccentricity.
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
    
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



21. Define obliquity.
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
    
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



22. The Earth’s obliquity maximum and minimum are?
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



23. When the Earth is closest to the Sun, this is termed?
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



24. When the Earth is farthest from the Sun, this is termed?
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



25. What is the approximate number of years to repeat precession?
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



26. Name of the North Star today?
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



27. In 11500 years what star will be the North Star?
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



28. What is the correlation (likeness) between the summed curve and the oxygen isotope?
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
    
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Click on Deposition on frame 383.

29. Rock debris deposited by a glacier is termed?
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



30. Snowflakes that turn to ice crystals are termed?
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



31. What is the zone of accumulation?
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
    
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



32. What is the zone of ablation?
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
    
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



33. What is the snowline?
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
    
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



34. An advancing ice front means what about temperatures on the Earth?
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
    
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



35. Till under the ice front of a glacier is termed?
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



36. Rock debris pile along the front is termed?
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



37. Describe the sorting of till (poor or well).
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
    
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



38. A moraine dammed meltwater lake is termed?
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Click on the numbers on frame 402.

39. Define a cirque.
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
    
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



40. Define a tarn.
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
    
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



41. What is a pyramid shaped mountain top surrounded by cirques?
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



42. What is a hanging valley?
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
    
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



43. Sharp ridges between two cirques are termed?
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Click on the numbers on frame 404.

44. Extensional crack in the glacier surface is termed?
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



45. How are eskers formed?
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
    
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



46. What type of streams are in outwash regions?
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
    
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



47. Define kettle.
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
    
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



48. Define kame.
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
    
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



49. A whale back shaped debris pile is termed?
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



50. What controls the stability of the ice sheets of Antarctica?
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
    
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



51. When were the last continental glaciers in the US?
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



52. This glacial period was called?
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



53. What happens to the US coastline if the West Antarctic ice sheet collapses?
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
    
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________



54. What is permafrost?
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
    
    
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Back to top of page